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General Description Of Engine
Bolinders Marine
Diesel is a four stroke, direct-injection engine with overhead
valves. The series ranges
from single to four-cylinder engines. This manual covers the three
and four-cylinder engines. Cylinder
liners, pistons and several other engine components are common to
the entire series.
Fig 2.
Three-cylinder marine diesel with mechanical reverse-reduction
gearbox
Right-hand side (control side).
1. Induction manifold
2. Pressure pipe
3. Valve cover
4. Ventilator ( oil filter )
5. Fine filter, sealed
6. Fine filter, unsealed
7. Heat exchanger
8. Drain, fresh water
9. Power take-off
10. Lubricant filter |
11. Front engine bracket
12. Dipstick, engine
13. Crankcase ventilator
14. Fuel Pump
15. Injection pump
16. Central engine bracket
17. Reverse-reduction gearbox, mechanical
18. Rear engine bracket
19. Dipstick, reverse-reduction gear
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The
cylinder block of cast iron has wet-type liners, i.e.
replaceable liners directly flushed by cooling Water.
Two rubber seals in grooves in the lower liner seat prevent
water from penetrating into the crankcase. At
the upper edge of the liner the water is prevented from
penetrating upwards by the cylinder head gasket.
Water circulation is maintained by a centrifugal pump and
governed by a thermostat. The thermostat strives to
keep the water at the best temperature for the engine, approx
160 – 175 deg F. ( 70 – 80deg C )
Fig 3. Three-cylinder marine diesel with mechanical
reverse-reduction gearbox
Left-hand side.
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1. Plug with zinc electrode
2. Cap ( fresh water filler )
3. Thermostat housing
4. Injector
5. Water-cooled exhaust manifold
6. Ventilator ( oil filler of reverse-reduction
gear )
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7.
Draining pump, lubricant
8. Three-way cock for 7
9. Starting motor
10. Bilge pump
11. Generator
12. Central engine bracket
13. Reverse-reduction gearbox, mechanical
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The crankshaft is carried in main
bearings with replaceable shells. The bearing metal is lead-bronze,
lead-indium flashed. At the front end the shaft carries a gear which
drives the camshaft, injection pump and oil
pump. The rear end carries the flywheel.
The aluminium-alloy pistons have three compression and two oil
rings. The upper compression ring of every
piston is hand chromium plated to cut wear on cylinder liners and
piston rings to a minimum. Like the main
bearings, the big-end bearings are fitted with replaceable shells.
Fig 4. Four-cylinder marine diesel with hydraulic reverse-reduction
gearbox
Right-hand side ( control side )
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1. Air filter
2. Relay
3. Induction manifold
4. Valve cover
5. Ventilator
6. Generator
7. Plug with zinc electrodes
8. Heat exchanger
9. Pipe bend with drain cock for fresh water
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10.
Flange for power take-off shaft
11. Adjustable belt pulley
12. Hour counter
13. Front engine bracket
14. Lubricants filter
15. Central engine bracket
16. Starting motor
17. Reverse-reduction gear ( hydraulically operated )
18. Rear engine brackets
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The cylinder head carries
the inlet and exhaust valves and the injectors. Exhaust valve
sealing surfaces and all
valve stem ends are faced with
stellite, a heat-resisting alloy which greatly
lengthens the working life. Valve
seats are shrunk-in
replaceable insert rings of alloy-steel.
The timing gear drives the camshaft and the injection and
lubricant pump.
Fig 5. Four-cylinder marine diesel with mechanical
reverse-reduction gearbox
Left-hand side
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1. Cap ( fresh water filler )
2. Thermostat housing
3. Injector
4. Water-cooled exhaust manifold
5. Fine filter, unsealed
6. Fine filter sealed
7. Draining pump for lubricant
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8.
Three-way cock for 7
9. Crankcase ventilation
10. Oil dipstick
11. Feed pump
12. Injection pump
13. Bilge pump
16. Cooling water pump
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Working Principals
The engine is designed on the
four-stroke principle and it’s operating cycle is illustrated in the
following figures.
Fig 6. Inlet stroke.
Just before the top dead
centre is reached the inlet valve opens so that the piston sucks
fresh air through the
air filter and into the cylinder on it’s way down again. The inlet
passage in the cylinder head is shaped to give
the entering air a rotation in the cylinder.
Fig 6. Compression stroke.
The piston now moves
upwards with both valves closed. This compresses the air, raising
it’s temperature
above that of fuel’s ignition temperature. A specially shaped
combustion cavity in the piston top increases air
rotation during this stroke. Shortly before the piston reaches the
top dead centre again fuel is injected to mix
with the swirling air and combust as the pressure increases.
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Fig 8. Power stroke.
Combustion vastly
increases pressure and forces the piston downwards increases
pressure and forces the
piston
downwards in the cylinder to perform the
useful work.
Fig 9. Exhaust stroke.
The exhaust valve opens
immediately before the bottom dead centre is reached and the piston
starts moving
upwards again to expel the combustion gases.
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