Make a habit of listening to the engine every now and then while it is running. If it runs unevenly
or badly the reason should be traced at once and the fault remedied When the oil consumption
has become abnormally high or if there are other indications of wear it is usually sufficient to give
the engine a thorough overhaul. This overhaul should be performed by a repair shop or specially
trained mechanic. All that is required otherwise is a certain amount of preventative checking. This
checking should be done by the operator himself. No special tools are required. Some advice on
this care and attention, as well as engine starting, is given below.

Correct lubrication is of extreme importance, ensuring trouble-free running and long life. Always
keep the fuel and oil, the engine and it's filters quite clean. This prevents foreign particles from
getting into the engine and causing abnormal wear. Refill the fuel tank in good time; this prevents
air lock in the fuel system. It is inadvisable to race a cold engine or put it under full load after
start. Check that all nuts are properly tightened.

Running In                                                         Top
The running-in period of an engine is the most important part of it's entire life. During the first 50
hours of this period the engine must be run carefully. This is done to ensure that the cylinder walls
pistons and bearing surfaces acquire the hard bright surface that provides maximum length of life.

Do not subject the engine to long hard loads during the running-in period. On the other hand,
however, the engine should not be run all too slowly as the piston rings might stick and cause
high fuel consumption. Although 50 hours running marks the end of the running-in period, it is still
inadvisable to operate the engine under heavy load for long periods at a time. Continued care
should therefore be exercised until the 2000-hour mark has been passed.

During the running-in period the engine lubricating oil must be charged more often than is
subsequently normal. Change the first time 30 hours, at the same time cleaning the oil sump
strainer and draining off any sediment from the lubricant cleaner. Change again at the 100-hour
mark and then regularly every 200 hours. Every time the oil is changed, drain the lubricant cleaner
to avoid mixing new and old oil. Never rinse out the engine with flushing oil; bearing pressures
in a diesel engine are too high to permit the use of such oil.

Before delivery, all engines are run on the factory test bench. These tests show that all fits are
satisfactory and we therefore disclaim all responsibility for any piston or bearing seizing caused
by neglectful running-in, etc.

Absolute cleanliness is essential in connection with all work on the diesel engine, particularly
the injection pump and injectors. Filter all fuel before filling

Precautions Before Starting                             Top
Check that the cooling system bottom valve is open fig. 26. Check also at regular intervals that
the strainer in the coolant inlet is clean and free from impurities that might clog the inlet and
interface with the cooling. After the engine has started, check the coolant discharge to make sure
that the coolant is circulating properly.

3  Give 6-7 powerful turns with the crank to attain sufficient rotational speed.

4  Quickly return the decompression lever to position to obtain ignition.
    The latter method is recommended if the decompression lever is operated by an assistant.

Electric Starting                                               Top
Engines with electric starting equipment are best as follows ;

1  Turn key switch to close circuit through starting switch. ( Charging indicator lamp on instrument
    panel lights. )

2  Advanced speed control lever 1/2 to 3/4

3  In cold weather, press in cold-start button before trying to start.

4  Press in start button to switch in and operate starter motor.

Warning
If the engine should not start at the first attempt, the engine should be completely stationary
before a new attempt is made. Otherwise there is a danger of damaging the starter motor and
rigg gear teeth. Check the oil pressure immediately after start. Lower permissible pressure is
28 lb/sq.in. ( 2 kg/sq.cm. ). Make a habit of checking oil pressure every now and then when the
engine is running. Pressure should then be 40-60 lb/sq.in. ( 3-4 kg/sq.cm. ).

Run the engine a few minutes to warm it up before putting it under load. It is extremely inadvisable to rev up or heavily load the engine immediately after start ; the oil in a cold engine
is so viseid that it takes some time for it to reach the various lubrication points. Check the water
temperature gauge when the engine has been running a while. temperature should be between
160-175deg F ( 70-80deg C ).

On engines with charging generator it is also necessary to check that the charging indicator lamp
goes out when the engine has started. This shows that the generator is supplying current. If the
lamp fails to go out, something is wrong.

Stopping
Stop the engine by moving the stop lever to the left. This sets the pump for zero feed. If the engine
has electric starting equipment, break the current circuit as soon as the engine has stopped by
turning the key switch until the charging indicator lamp goes out.

Bleeding The Fuel System
If the engine is new, if the fuel tank has run empty or if air has otherwise entered the fuel system,
it must be held before the engine can be started. First bleed the fuel filter by screwing out the
bleeder screw on it's top. Now screw in the bleeder screw again and disconnect the fuel pipe from
the pump until the fuel flowing out is free from bubbles. If necessary, the pressure pipes may be
disconnected at the injectors and the crankshaft drawn round a few turns fuel flows out through
them.