Lubricating System

We have already mentioned the necessity of using so-called diesel lubricant in the engine. This
is not just to make things as complicated as possible ; the diesel engine really needs a special
lubricant if it is to give it's best. High combustion pressure and running temperature demand
special attention to lubrication and have led to the development of the so-called HD ( Heavy Duty )
oils. These oils contain chemical additives which prevent them oxidizing at high temperature, etc.

Ordinary engine oil, on the other hand, oxidizes rapidly and products easily cause trouble  in the
form of stuck piston rings and valves, clogged oil passages, etc
Therefore, use only the special diesel oils ( HD oils ) recommended by well-known oil companies.
Never mix oils of different grades or makes.

Recommended Lubricating Oils For Engine

At temperatures above 32deg F ( 0 deg C ) SAE 20 or 20 w.
At temperatures below 32deg F ( 0 deg C ) SAE 10 or 10 w.
The carbon-dissolving properties of the HD oils make it difficult to judge the condition of an oil by
it's colour. It is therefore important to follow the oil changing instructions based on our
experience.

Correct lubrication with a suitable oil is an important part of an engines maintenance. Lubricant
costs are insignificant compared to the probable cost of neglected lubrication. Make a habit
of lubricating all round and changing oil at the regular intervals listed on the lubricating charts
at the end of this book. These times presuppose the use of high-grade lubricants

Fuel System

Clean fuel is an absolute prerequisite for trouble-free engine running. Just how important this is
will perhaps be more readily understood if we explain the  precision working of the fuel pump.
At an exact crankshaft angle and during an extremely short period - 1 1/2 thousandths of a
second in normal operations - the nozzle needle must lift, an accurately measure amount of fuel
be injected and the spray be sharply cut off. The quantity injected into every cylinder is smaller
than one drop for every pump stroke. If there is to be any possibility whatever of such a
performance, every part of the injection system must be made with extreme precision. We can,
for instance, mention that the clearance between the pump plunger and it's cylinder is only
4/1000.000 in. ( 1/1000 mm. ). This is about 25 times smaller than the thickness of an ordinary hair.
It is thus obvious that even the most minute foreign particles in the fuel can have a highly
destructive influence if they get into the fuel system. To prevent this the engine is provided with
filtering arrangements. However, these filters cannot stop any large quantities of impurities
without clogging. As soon as a filter becomes clogged, resistance becomes excessive and the
engine runs poorly

This is readily prevented by keeping the fuel as clean as possible when filling it into the tank. To
this end we are including in the following some advice on storing and filling fuel.

Storing In Barrels

If it is not possible to store the fuel in a tank and barrels have to be used instead, several should
be laid up on a cradle so that the fuel can stand at least 24 hours. The barrels must be protected against rain and dust. Never fill the engine fuel tanks with fuel from barrels that have newly been
moved. An extra safeguard is to use a funnel with milk filter when filling the tank. Although this
takes longer, the extra time will be repaid time again by lessened running interruptions and
reduced repair costs. In the winter, the fuel tank should be kept as full as possible. This
counteracts the formation of condensation water in the tank.

Remember, then that it pays to use clean fuel.

On the other hand, it never pays to attempt to clean a fine filter. When the filter clogs, the entire
element must be replaced, and this should be done by a diesel mechanic.

Sealing

All seals have been applied to prevent other than authorized diesel shops from repairing these
parts.

Never remove the seals, this makes the factory guarantee non-valid.
Although there are no seals on the injectors we do not recommend dis-mantling them if they are
suspected of being faulty. It is far better to keep one or two injectors in reserve. The faulty
injector can then be replaced with one of the spares and handed into a diesel shop for repair.

Cooling System

the cooling system functions effectively only if all passages in the cylinder block, cylinder head
and heat exchanger are free from deposits and impurities. Cooling water temperature is also
very important and should be carefully checked. See that the temperature remains between 160
deg and 175 F ( 70-80deg C ) when the engine is running. Do not run the engine with a low
 ooling water temperature, this only results in abnormal wear.

Electrical System

Pay proper attention to the battery. Make sure that the electrolyte is always about 3/8 in. ( 10 mm. )
above the upper edge of the plates. Check this once a week and top up with distilled water
whenever necessary. At the same time, check that the battery is properly fixed and that the cable
lugs are thoroughly tightened and smeared with vaseline or similar. Remember that a neglected
battery is soon ruined, causing starting trouble and unnecessary expense.

In the wintertime it is particularly important to keep the battery charged. The electrolyte in a
discharged battery readily freezes and destroys it. Under particularly severe conditions of cold
it is therefore best to store the battery on warm premises. This not only reduces the frost hazard, it
also ensures that the battery delivers full output when reconnected to the system at room
temperature.

The generator requires no special attention. The starter motor of the two-cylinder engine has a
lubricator on the rear bearing cap and this should be given a few drops of thin oil every 200 hrs.
Once a year, the generator and starter motor should be overhauled in a special workshop.